A Review on Common Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) remains a common clinical problem in both the community and health care associated settings. In Pakistan, this is also a common issue and each patient should be carefully assessed to ensure that a correct diagnosis is made and that antimicrobial therapy is appropriately prescribed. UTI is a common problem and it effect’s both gender and all ages. Aim: To determine the most frequent bacterial agents causing Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in patients who referred to Microbiology laboratory Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. Methods: The cross-sectional descriptive, observational study was conducted at the department of Microbiology Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur over 6 months period. Clean catch mid stream urine was collected and the specimens were cultured for isolation of microbial agents of urinary tract infection. The isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical test. The diffusion susceptibility test was used to determine susceptibility of bacterial agents to antibiotics. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 19. Results: In this study, 167(83.5%) out of 200 patients presented numerous (positive) leucocytes in urine detail report. For these 167(83.5%) patients, the urine culture and sensitivity was performed. Out of these 167 patients, E-coli were the most common bacteria found in about 100(59.8%). The other bacteria are Pseudomonas 7(4.1%), Proteus 15(8.9%) Klebsiella 6(3.5%), enterococcus 3(1.7%), and staphylococcus 2 (1.1%). Most of the patients were sensitive to cephalosporin, amikacin and third generation cifexime and ceftrixone. Conclusion: Gram negative bacilli is responsible for urinary tract infection and most frequent isolated bacteria was E-coli. The most effective antibiotics are cephalosporin, third generation cefexime, ceftriaxone and amikacin, in patients.